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  • Title: Dietary citrate and plasma ionized calcium: Implications for platelet donors.
    Author: Haynes S, Hickson E, Linden J, St Pierre P, Ducharme P, Sulmasy P, Welch L, Zhao Y, Greene M, Vauthrin M, Weinstein R.
    Journal: J Clin Apher; 2018 Jun; 33(3):222-225. PubMed ID: 28802068.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND: Platelet donors receive 40 mmol or more of IV citrate anion during donation. When plasma ionized calcium ([Ca2+ ]) falls by ∼20%, half of the donors report symptoms of hypocalcemic toxicity. Citrus juices contain clinically relevant amounts of citrate anion. We asked whether citrus juice can lower [Ca2+ ] thus potentially contributing to hypocalcemic toxicity. METHOD: Six volunteers were given 20.4 mmol of citrate anion as grapefruit juice or orange juice. Capillary blood obtained by fingerstick was analyzed for [Ca2+ ] using an iSTAT point-of-care blood analyzer. [Ca2+ ] was measured at baseline and then 30, 60, 120, and 180 minutes after drinking juice. Subjects were tested with the alternative juice on a subsequent day. The outcome measure was the percent change in plasma [Ca2+ ] from baseline. RESULTS: [Ca2+ ] fell -2.2% to -11.5% in four of six subjects 30 minutes after drinking grapefruit juice. The effect persisted up to 3 hours. [Ca2+ ] fell -2.1% to -12.2% in four of six subjects 30-60 minutes after drinking orange juice. The effect abated after 2 hours. We could not correlate gender or body surface area to these findings. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS: Citrus juice may lower [Ca2+ ] for 2-3 hours. This could add to the effect of IV citrate infusion during platelet donation, thus worsening the expected fall in [Ca2+ ]. This, in turn, would likely increase the rate and severity of hypocalcemic toxicity. It is prudent to advise platelet donors to avoid high citrate anion beverages, such as citrus juice, for at least 4 hours prior to donation.
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