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  • Title: Successful management of a hydropic fetus with severe anemia and thrombocytopenia caused by anti-CD36 antibody.
    Author: Xu X, Li L, Xia W, Ding H, Chen D, Liu J, Deng J, Chen Y, He Z, Wang J, Shao Y, Santoso S, Ye X, Fang Q.
    Journal: Int J Hematol; 2018 Feb; 107(2):251-256. PubMed ID: 28815406.
    Abstract:
    Cases of CD36 deficiency are not rare in Asian populations, foetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) caused by anti-CD36 isoantibodies appears more frequent than other HPA alloantibodies. However, little is known about the treatment of anti-CD36 mediated FNAIT in this region. A Chinese male foetus, whose mother had a history of multiple intrauterine foetal demise and/or hydrops, was diagnosed with severe FNAIT at 27 weeks of gestational age. Immunological analysis revealed total absence of CD36 on platelets and monocytes from mother, caused by a 329-330delAC mutation of the CD36 gene. Anti-CD36 and anti-HLA class I antibodies were detected in the maternal serum, whereas only anti-CD36 isoantibodies were detectable in the foetal blood sample. Serial intrauterine transfusions with red blood cells (RBC) and platelets from a CD36null donor were performed to improve the severe anaemia and thrombocytopenia. The baby (2250 g; Apgar scores 10) was delivered vaginally at 32 weeks of gestation with normal haemoglobin (186 g/L) but low platelet count (48 × 109/L). After 2 days the platelet count rose to 121 × 109/L. This report suggests that intrauterine transfusions with compatible RBC and CD36null platelets are useful in preventing the deleterious clinical effects of anti-CD36-mediated severe FNAIT.
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