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  • Title: Effect of Gd and Cr substitution on the structural, electronic and magnetic phases of SrRuO3: a case study of doping and chemical phase separation.
    Author: Dalal B, Sarkar B, De SK.
    Journal: J Phys Condens Matter; 2017 Dec 13; 29(49):495803. PubMed ID: 29087361.
    Abstract:
    We explore the crystal structure, electrical resistivity and magnetic behavior of the compositional series (SrRuO3)[Formula: see text] (GdCrO3) x (where [Formula: see text]), which resides between orthorhombic ferromagnetic (FM) metal SrRuO3 ([Formula: see text] K) and orthorhombic antiferromagnetic (AFM) insulator GdCrO3 ([Formula: see text] K). Crystal structure analysis reveals that complete solid solution exists only up to [Formula: see text], above which chemical phase separation of two/three phases occurs, and persists up to [Formula: see text]. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurement also corroborates the existence of [Formula: see text] for the intermediate composition [Formula: see text], which reinforces the astonishing scheelite-type GdCrO4 formation (at ambient pressure) for [Formula: see text] compositions. Electrical resistivity measurements affirm the temperature driven metal to insulator (M-I) transition for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] samples. Low temperature insulating state in these samples is interpreted by electron-electron interaction of weak disordered systems. Precise analysis of temperature dependent resistivity for [Formula: see text] samples (which have insulating ground state) dictate that the transport phenomenon is mainly associated with Arrhenius-type charge conduction, Mott's variable range hopping, short-range and long-range Coulomb interaction mediated hopping processes, due to the high degree of randomness. Interruption of magnetic Ru-O-Ru interaction by Ru-O-Cr and Cr-O-Cr interactions lowers the FM transition temperature (T C), and thereby introduces Griffiths phase in phase separated samples. Furthermore, we believe that a sharp rise in magnetization at low temperature for [Formula: see text] samples is due to the formation of AFM GdCrO4 phase. Prominent thermal hysteresis in temperature dependent magnetization curves for [Formula: see text], and appearance of spin-reorientation transition for [Formula: see text] are the distinct indications for transformation into canted AFM GdCrO3 oxide at higher x. The effective magnetic moment ([Formula: see text]) continuously increases with the incorporation of higher moment elements (Gd and Cr); while coercive field (H C) exhibits an abrupt variation as a function of x at the onset of phase separation.
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