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  • Title: Hymenolepis diminuta utilizes the envelope surrounding Moniliformis moniliformis in order to survive in the cockroach host.
    Author: Holt RH.
    Journal: J Parasitol; 1989 Feb; 75(1):160-2. PubMed ID: 2918437.
    Abstract:
    The acanthocephalan Moniliformis moniliformis is surrounded by a membranous envelope that protects the parasite from hemocytic attack in the cockroach host. If injected into a cockroach infected with M. moniliformis, hatched oncospheres of the tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta are able to penetrate this envelope and, once inside, utilize its protective function in order to develop. These "double parasites" were infective to rats.
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