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  • Title: Occipitoatlantoaxial malformation with duplication of the atlas and axis in a half Arabian foal.
    Author: de Lahunta A, Hatfield C, Dietz A.
    Journal: Cornell Vet; 1989 Apr; 79(2):185-93. PubMed ID: 2924582.
    Abstract:
    An unusual occipitoatlantoaxial malformation is described in a 2-week-old male part Arabian foal that was unable to stand at birth and showed signs of spastic tetraparesis due to a cervical spinal cord compression. There were 2 atlases present. One was fused to the occipital bones. The other articulated with the first atlas and an axis which had a long dens that projected into the vertebral canal. Examination of the ossification centers of the axis indicated partial duplication of that bone.
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