These tools will no longer be maintained as of December 31, 2024. Archived website can be found here. PubMed4Hh GitHub repository can be found here. Contact NLM Customer Service if you have questions.


Pubmed for Handhelds

PUBMED FOR HANDHELDS

Search MEDLINE/PubMed

  • Title: Pilot study of parathyroid glands in adult and pediatric subjects exposed to ionizing radiation after the ChNPP accident, methodology of parathyroid diagnostic ultrasound.
    Author: Kaminskyi OV, Kopylova OV, Afanasyev DY, Mazurenko OV, Berezovskyi SY.
    Journal: Probl Radiac Med Radiobiol; 2017 Dec; 22():382-394. PubMed ID: 29286522.
    Abstract:
    OBJECTIVE: Estimation of the parathyroid hyperplasia prevalence after the ChNPP accident in adults exposed to ion izing radiation and their descendants using the diagnostic ultrasound and its methodology elaboration. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The pilot prospective study of the prevalence of parathyroid hyperplasia among the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant (ChNPP) accident adult survivors (n=686) and their descendants (54 children) was performed using diagnostic ultrasound examination of thyroid and parathyroids. Among the study subjects there were 339 ChNPP accident clean up workers (ACUW), 32 persons were evacuated from the 30 km exclusion zone and 224 ones were included to the control group. Diagnostic ultrasound of thyroid and parathyroids was performed according to the standard method. Additionally, in children with parathyroid hyperplasia an additional assay of 25 hydroxyvitamin D levels in serum was performed. In calculating the statistical significance, its level p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Parathyroids are a few small but critically important endocrine glands that synthesize parathyroid hormone, regulating mainly phosphoric calcium metabolism. Insufficient (hypoparathyroidism) or excessive (hyperparathy roidism) function of parathyroids is harmful to the patients affecting the state of nervous and cardiovascular sys tem. Parathyroidss can accumulate isotopes of cesium, strontium and radioactive iodine. The available data testify to an increased incidence of clinically significant hyperplasia of parthyroids (more than 9 mm in adults and more than 5 mm in children) among persons exposed toionizng radiation as a result of the accident at the ChNPP (28.64%) and their descendants (23.8-70.6%). First of all are concerned those adults who live in contaminated areas in comparison with the control group (24.15% in not irradiated). Evacuees from the 30 km exclusion zone being the category of people who were exposed to the absorbed iodine isotopes in the first days of the Chernobyl accident are the another risk group. These data demonstrate sensitivity of parathyroidss to the impact of incorpo rated isotopes (iodine, cesium and strontium), which in the long term exposure create conditions for structural and functional changes in regulation of phosphorous calcium metabolism being the basis for a significant prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis in irradiated individuals and their descendants. A number of further studies are required to clarify the findings and to disclose the hormonal mechanisms of radiation effects on parathyroids. CONCLUSIONS: Parathyroid glands are radiosensitive and susceptible to effects of strontium, cesium and iodine iso topes, which cause parathyroid irradiation and subsequent structural and functional changes, being a prerequisite for development of osteopenia and osteoporosis in the ChNPP accident survivors and their descendants. High inci dence of parathyroid hypertrophy is found in the inhabitants of the radiation contaminated territories (long term irradiation by cesium isotopes), as well as in evacuated from the 30 km exclusion zone (irradiation by iodine iso topes in the early days of the accident). Meta. Vyznachennia poshyrenosti giperplaziy̆ pryshchytopodibnykh zaloz u oprominenykh vnaslidok avariï na ChAES do roslykh ta ïkh nashchadkiv pry skryningovomu ul'trazvukovomu doslidzheni ta vidpratsiuvaty y̆ogo metodologiiu. Materialy ta metody. Pilotne prospektyvne doslidzhennia poshyrenosti giperplaziï PShchPZ sered osib, postrazh dalykh vnaslidok avariï na Chornobyl's'kiy̆ atomniy̆ elektrostantsiï (ChAES) doroslogo viku (686 osib) ta ïkh na shchadkiv (54 ditey̆) provedeno UZD ShchPZ ta PShchPZ, z iakykh 339 vidnosylysia do uchasnykiv likvidatsiï naslidkiv avariï na ChAES, 32 osoby – evakuy̆ovani z 30 km zony vidchuzhennia ta 224 osib z grupy kontroliu. Provedeno ul'trazvu kove doslidzhennia shchytopodibnoï ta pryshchytopodibnykh zaloz za standartnoiu metodykoiu. Dodatkovo u ditey̆ z giperplaziieiu pryshchytopodibnykh zaloz provodylos' vybirkove doslidzhennia rivnia 25 gidroksyvitaminu D u syro vattsi krovi. Pry rozrakhunku statystychnoï znachushchosti, ïï riven' r < 0,05 vvazhaly statystychno dostovirnym. Rezul'taty. Pryshchytopodibni zalozy – tse dekil'ka nevelykykh ale vplyvovykh endokrynnykh zaloz, shcho syntezu iut' paratgormon, reguliuiut', golovnym chynom, fosforno kal'tsiievyy̆ obmin. Nedostatnia (gipoparatyreoz) abo nadlyshkova (giperparatyreoz) funktsiia pryshchytopodibnykh zaloz ie shkidlyvymy dlia patsiientiv, vplyvaie na stan nervovoï ta sertsevo sudynnoï systemy. Pryshchytopodibni zalozy mozhut' nakopychuvaty izotopy tseziiu, strontsiiu i radioaktyvnogo y̆odu. Otrymani dani svidchat' pro pidvyshchennia chastoty klinichno znachushchykh giperplaziy̆ pryshchyto podibnykh zaloz (ponad 9 mm u doroslykh, bil'she 5 mm u ditey̆) sered oprominenykh osib vnaslidok avariï na ChAES (28,64 %) ta ïkh nashchadkiv (23,8–70,6 %), persh za vse tykh, iaki meshkaiut' na zabrudnenykh terytoriiakh doroslogo viku v porivnianni z kontrol'noiu grupoiu (neopromineni – 24,15 %). Inshoiu grupoiu ryzyka buly evakuy̆ovani z 30 km zony vidchuzhennia – kategoriia osib, iaka zaznala diï poglynutykh izotopiv y̆odu v pershi dni avariï na ChAES.Tsi dani demonstruiut' chutlyvist' pryshchytopodibnykh zaloz do diï inkorporovanykh izotopiv (y̆odu, tseziiu i strontsiiu), shcho u viddaleni terminy oprominennia stvoriuiut' umovy dlia strukturno funktsional'nykh zmin u systemi reguliatsiïfosforno kal'tsiievogoobminu,iepidґruntiamdlia znachnoïposhyrenostiosteopeniïtaosteoporozuuop rominenykh osib ta ïkh nashchadkiv. Neobkhidno provesty nyzku doslidzhen' dlia podal'shogo utochnennia otrymanykh da nykh ta rozkryttia gormonal'nykh mekhanizmiv vplyvu ionizuiuchogo vyprominennia na pryshchytopodibnykh zaloz. Vysnovky. Pryshchytopodibni zalozy ie radiatsiy̆no chutlyvymy do diï izotopiv strontsiiu, tseziiu ta y̆odu, iaki obumov liuiut' ïkh oprominennia ta nastupni strukturno funktsional'ni zminy, shcho ie peredumovoiu rozvytku osteopeniï ta osteoporozu v osib, iaki postrazhdaly vnaslidok avariï na ChAES ta ïkh nashchadkiv. Vysoka chastota giperplaziï pry shchytopodibnykh zaloz vyiavlena v meshkantsiv radiatsiy̆no zabrudnenykh terytoriy̆ (dovgotryvale oprominennia izo topamy tseziiu), a takozh u evakuy̆ovanykh z 30 km zony vidchuzhennia (oprominennia izotopamy y̆odu v pershi dni avariï).
    [Abstract] [Full Text] [Related] [New Search]