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  • Title: Utility of zinc protoporphyrin in management of whole blood donors.
    Author: Schotten N, Zalpuri S, Pasker-de Jong PCM, Swinkels DW, van den Hurk K, de Kort WLAM, van Kraaij MGJ, van Noord PAH.
    Journal: Transfusion; 2018 Mar; 58(3):692-700. PubMed ID: 29377138.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND: Deferral for low hemoglobin (Hb) increases the likelihood that donors do not return for future donations. Zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) has been described as a sensitive marker of iron-deficient erythropoiesis, before Hb decreases. It is a relatively cheap, rapid, and easy-to-perform measurement in a drop of whole blood. To assess the utility of ZPP measurement in donor management we examined whether ZPP and Hb levels among first-time donors differ from repeat donors. We further explored whether ZPP increases over subsequent donations at a donor population level and whether increasing ZPP levels coincide with decreasing Hb levels and donor deferral. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: We included first-time (n = 4983) and repeat (n = 3533) whole blood donors from the ZPP and Iron in the Netherlands Cohort (ZINC) study. ZPP and Hb were measured at each subsequent donation during a 4-year period after inclusion in the study. RESULTS: Median ZPP levels were higher in repeat than in first-time donors. In first-time donors, especially women, ZPP levels were increased with a corresponding decline in Hb levels over subsequent donations. ZPP levels were increased among first-time donors deferred for low Hb. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that adding ZPP to Hb measurements in the daily blood collection setting, especially for first-time donors and first-time female donors may add to the identification of a donor subpopulation with low functional iron stores.
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