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  • Title: Semicontinuous and continuous production of citric acid with immobilized cells of Aspergillus niger.
    Author: Eikmeier H, Rehm HJ.
    Journal: Z Naturforsch C J Biosci; 1987 Apr; 42(4):408-13. PubMed ID: 2955588.
    Abstract:
    The citric acid excretion of Ca-alginate-immobilized cells of Aspergillus niger in batch culture decreased with a half-time of approximately 19 days. Reactivation of the biocatalysts by regeneration in growth medium was possible, but it was followed by a submerged sporulation of the fungus, and medium was highly contaminated with free cells. Citric acid production could better be prolonged by semicontinuous cultivation with medium exchange every 7 or 14 days, respectively. After 32 days the remaining activity in semicontinuous culture was 1.4-fold higher than in comparable batch experiments. Similar improvements were obtained with a continuous process at a dilution rate of 0.125 v/v X d, whereby medium efflux kept completely free of detaching mycelia.
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