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  • Title: Low hair cortisol concentration and emerging attention-deficit/hyperactivity symptoms in preschool age.
    Author: Schloß S, Ruhl I, Müller V, Becker K, Skoluda N, Nater UM, Pauli-Pott U.
    Journal: Dev Psychobiol; 2018 Sep; 60(6):722-729. PubMed ID: 29570769.
    Abstract:
    Previous research demonstrated hypoactivity of the HPA axis in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or externalizing symptoms. We analyzed the predictive association between the long-term HPA axis activity and increasing symptoms of ADHD in the preschool period. The sample consisted of n = 125 4-year-old children and their families (including n = 64 children with elevated ADHD symptoms). ADHD symptoms were assessed by a structured clinical interview with the mother and by parent- and teacher-report questionnaires. The long-term HPA axis activity was assessed by the hair cortisol concentration (HCC) (over a 3-month period). After controlling for potential confounders, low HCC predicted an increase in ADHD symptoms between the age of 4 and 5 years. Exploration of gender effects revealed that cross-sectional and predictive associations were significant in boys but not in girls. Low HCC might thus be regarded as an early marker of a possibly gender-related developmental pathway to ADHD.
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