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  • Title: Haemodialysis access thrombosis: Outcomes after surgical thrombectomy versus catheter-directed thrombolytic infusion.
    Author: Koraen-Smith L, Krasun M, Bottai M, Hedin U, Wahlgren CM, Gillgren P.
    Journal: J Vasc Access; 2018 Nov; 19(6):535-541. PubMed ID: 29614907.
    Abstract:
    INTRODUCTION:: Thrombosis is one of the most common complications of dialysis vascular access and is a significant source of morbidity and healthcare-associated costs. In this retrospective study, outcomes for surgical thrombectomy and thrombolysis after access thrombosis in patients with arteriovenous fistulas or prosthetic grafts (arteriovenous grafts) were analysed. METHODS:: All patients with a primary episode of dialysis access thrombosis between 2005 and 2013 were included which yielded 131 patients with 149 episodes of access thrombosis (108 arteriovenous grafts; 41 arteriovenous fistulas). In all, 18 patients had two separate accesses during the study. Patient demographics, access anatomy, surgical and radiological procedural data were recorded. Kaplan-Meier estimates and Poisson regression were used for statistical analysis of access patency. RESULTS:: In total, 107 underwent surgical thrombectomy and 42 were treated with catheter-directed thrombolytic infusion. Technical success was 60% for surgical thrombectomy and 73% for thrombolysis (p = 0.18). There were no major complications and no deaths within 30 days of the procedure. More patients had adjunctive procedures in the thrombolysis group (65/107 vs 37/42; p = 0.002). There was an increasing risk of rethrombosis or a further access-related event for both arteriovenous fistulas and arteriovenous grafts after open thrombectomy compared with catheter-directed thrombolytic infusion, and arteriovenous fistulas exhibited a lower risk than arteriovenous grafts with an average increase in risk of 23.9% (95% confidence interval: 3.1-49) between each treatment group. CONCLUSION:: Thrombolysis for thrombosis of native and prosthetic dialysis accesses appears to yield better assisted primary patency compared to surgical thrombectomy. Our results suggest that thrombolysis may be considered the first-choice method for treating the thrombosed dialysis access.
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