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  • Title: Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation (Anammox) with Planktonic Cells in a Redox-Stable Semicontinuous Stirred-Tank Reactor.
    Author: Ding C, Enyi FO, Adrian L.
    Journal: Environ Sci Technol; 2018 May 15; 52(10):5671-5681. PubMed ID: 29693390.
    Abstract:
    Anaerobic ammonium oxidizing (anammox) bacteria are routinely cultivated in mixed culture in biomass-retaining bioreactors or as planktonic cells in membrane bioreactors. Here, we demonstrate that anammox bacteria can also be cultivated as planktonic cells in a semicontinuous stirred-tank reactor (semi-CSTR) with a specific growth rate μ of 0.33 d-1 at 30 °C. Redox potential inside the reactor stabilized at around 10 mV (±15 mV; vs standard hydrogen electrode) without gas purging. Reactor headspace pressure was used as a sensitive and real-time indicator for nitrogen evolution and anammox activity. The reactor was dominated by an organism closely related to " Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis" (∼87% abundance) as shown by Illumina amplicon sequencing and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Epifluorescence microscopy demonstrated that all cells were in their planktonic form. Mass balance analysis revealed a nitrite/ammonium ratio of 1.270, a nitrate/ammonium ratio of 0.238, and a biomass yield of 1.97 g volatile suspended solids per mole of consumed ammonium. Batch experiments with the reactor effluent showed that anammox activities were sensitive to sulfide (IC50 = 5 μM) and chloramphenicol (IC50 = 19 mg L-1), much lower than reported for granular anammox biomass. This study shows that semi-CSTR is a powerful tool to study anammox bacteria.
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