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  • Title: [Coupling effects of periodic rewatering after drought stress and nitrogen fertilizer on growth and water and nitrogen productivity of Coffea arabica].
    Author: Hao K, Liu XG, Zhang Y, Han ZH, Yu N, Yang QL, Liu YW.
    Journal: Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao; 2017 Dec; 28(12):4034-4042. PubMed ID: 29696900.
    Abstract:
    The effects of periodic rewatering after drought stress and nitrogen fertilizer on growth, yield, photosynthetic characteristics of leaves and water and nitrogen productivity of Coffea arabica (Katim P7963) were studied under different nitrogen application levels in 2.5 consecutive years. Irrigation (periodic rewatering after drought stress) and nitrogen were designed as two factors, with four modes of irrigation, namely, full irrigation (IF-F: 100%ET0+100%ET0, ET0 was reference crop evapotranspiration), rewatering after light drought stress (IL-F: 80%ET0+100%ET0), rewatering after moderate drought stress (IM-F: 60%ET0+100%ET0) and rewatering after severe drought stress (IS-F: 40%ET0+100%ET0), and three levels of nitrogen, namely, high nitrogen (NH: 750 kg N·hm-2 each time), middle nitrogen (NM: 500 kg N·hm-2 each time), low nitrogen (NL: 250 kg N·hm-2 each time), and nitrogen was equally applied for 4 times. The results showed that irrigation and nitrogen had significant effect on plant height, stem diameter, yield and water and nitrogen productivity of C. arabica, and plant height and stem diameter showed S-curve with the day ordinal number, and leaf photosynthesis decreased significantly under drought stress but most photosynthesis index recovered somewhat after rewatering. Compared with IF-F, IL-F increased dry bean yield by 6.9%, while IM-F and IS-F decreased dry bean yield by 15.2% and 38.5%, respectively; IL-F and IM-F increased water use efficiency by 18.8% and 6.0%, respectively, while IS-F decreased water use efficiency by 12.1%; IL-F increased nitrogen partial productivity by 6.1%, while IM-F and IS-F decreased nitrogen partial productivity by 14.0% and 36.0%, respectively. Compared with NH, NM increased dry bean yield and water use efficiency by 20.9% and 19.3%, while NL decreased dry bean yield and water use efficiency by 42.4% and 41.9%, respectively; NM and NL increased nitrogen partial productivity by 81.4% and 72.9%, respectively. Compared with IF-FNH, IL-FNM increased dry bean yield, water use efficiency and nitrogen partial productivity by 37.6%, 52.9% and 106.4%, respectively. Regression analysis showed that the yield of dry bean was the maximum (2362 kg·hm-2) when the irrigation amount was 318 mm and the nitrogen application amount was 583 kg·hm-2; the water use efficiency was the maximum (0.78 kg·m-3) when the irrigationamount was 295 mm and the nitrogen application amount was 584 kg·hm-2, that's to say when yield of dry bean and water use efficiency reach the maximum value at the same time, the combination was the closest to IL-FNM. Therefore, the best combination of water and nitrogen model for C. arabica was IL-FNM. 以小粒咖啡(卡蒂姆P7963)为材料,研究连续2.5年不同施氮水平下周期性干旱胁迫后复水对小粒咖啡生长、产量、叶片光合特性和水氮生产力的影响.设灌水(周期性干旱胁迫后复水)和施氮2因素,4个灌水模式分别为充分灌水(IF-F:100%ET0+100%ET0,ET0为参考作物腾发量)、轻度干旱胁迫-复水(IL-F:80%ET0+100%ET0)、中度干旱胁迫-复水(IM-F:60%ET0+100%ET0)和重度干旱胁迫-复水(IS-F:40%ET0+100%ET0),3个施氮水平分别为高氮(NH:每次750 kg N·hm-2)、中氮(NM:每次500 kg N·hm-2)和低氮(NL:每次250 kg N·hm-2),分4次等量施用.结果表明: 小粒咖啡株高、茎粗、产量、水氮生产力受灌水和施氮影响显著,株高和茎粗与日序数呈S型曲线关系,干旱胁迫时小粒咖啡叶片光合作用显著下降,复水后大部分光合作用指标能不同程度恢复.与IF-F相比,IL-F干豆产量增加6.9%,而IM-F和IS-F干豆产量分别减少15.2%和38.5%;IL-F和IM-F水分利用效率分别增加18.8%和6.0%,而IS-F水分利用效率减少12.1%;IL-F氮肥偏生产力增加6.1%,而IM-F和IS-F氮肥偏生产力分别减少14.0%和36.0%.与NH相比,NM干豆产量和水分利用效率分别增加20.9%和19.3%,而NL分别减少42.4%和41.9%;NM和NL氮肥偏生产力分别增加81.4%和72.9%.与IF-FNH相比,IL-FNM干豆产量、水分利用效率和氮肥偏生产力分别增加37.6%、52.9%和106.4%.回归分析表明,灌水量为318 mm、施氮量为583 kg·hm-2时,干豆产量(2362 kg·hm-2)最大;灌水量为295 mm、施氮量为584 kg·hm-2时,水分利用效率(0.78 kg·m-3)最大,即产量和水分利用效率同时达到最大值时最接近IL-FNM水氮组合.因此,IL-FNM为小粒咖啡最佳的水氮组合模式.
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