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  • Title: [Treatment of odontoid fracture combined with lower cervical spinal cord injuries without fracture or dislocation].
    Author: Zhang W, Yu H, Liang C, Jiao W, Cao J, Li C.
    Journal: Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi; 2017 Aug 15; 31(8):982-986. PubMed ID: 29806437.
    Abstract:
    OBJECTIVE: To discuss the clinical characteristics, mechanism, and treatment of odontoid fracture combined with lower cervical spinal cord injuries without fracture or dislocation. METHODS: According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 7 male patients aged 37-71 years (mean, 51.4 years), suffered from odontoid fractures combined with lower cervical spinal cord injuries without fracture or dislocation were analyzed retrospectively between June 2007 and October 2015. The trauma causes were traffic accidents in 2 cases, fall in 2 cases, and hit injury in 3 cases. The time from injury to admission was 2 hours to 3 days with an average of 9 hours. According to Anderson-Grauer classification of odontoid fracture, 1 case of type IIA, 3 cases of type IIB, 2 cases of type IIC, and 1 case of shallow type III were found. The cervical spinal cord injuries affected segments included C 4, 5 in 1 case, C 4-6 in 2 cases, and C 5-7 in 4 cases. All the cervical spine had different degenerative changes: 2 of mild, 3 of moderate, and 2 of severe. The lower cervical spinal cord injury was assessed by Sub-axial Injury Classification (SLIC) with scoring of 4-6 (mean, 5.1). The visual analogue scale (VAS) score was used to evaluate the occipital neck pain with scoring of 7.8±1.0; the neurological function was assessed by American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) as grade B in 1 case, grade C in 4 cases, and grade D in 2 cases; and Japanese Orthopedic Association score (JOA) was 9.2±3.9. For the odontoid fractures, 4 cases were fixed with anterior screw while the others were fixed with posterior atlantoaxial fixation and fusion. For the lower cervical spine, 4 cases were carried out with anterior cervical corpectomy and titanium fusion while the others with anterior cervical disecotomy and Cage fusion. RESULTS: The operation time was 178-252 minutes (mean, 210.2 minutes); the intraoperative blood loss was 60-140 mL (mean, 96.5 mL) and with no blood transfusion. All incisions healed primarily. All the patients were followed up 12-66 months (mean, 18 months). There was no direct surgical related complications during operation, and all bone grafting got a fusion at 6-9 months (mean, 7.7 months) after operation. There was no inter-fixation failure or loosening. At last follow-up, the VAS score declined to 1.7±0.7 and JOA score improved to 15.1±1.7, showing significant differences when compared with preoperative ones ( t=18.064, P=0.000; t=-7.066, P=0.000). The neurological function of ASIA grade were also improved to grade D in 5 cases and grade E in 2 cases, showing significant difference ( Z=-2.530, P=0.011). CONCLUSION: Complex forces and degeneration of lower cervical spine were main reasons of odontoid fracture combined with lower cervical spinal cord injuries without fracture or dislocation. The type of odontoid fracture and neurological deficit status of lower cervical spinal cord were important to guide making strategy of one-stage operation with a satisfactory clinic outcome. 目的: 探讨齿状突骨折合并无骨折脱位型下颈髓损伤的特点、机制和诊治策略。. 方法: 回顾分析 2007 年 6 月—2015 年 10 月收治的符合选择标准的 7 例齿状突骨折合并无骨折脱位型下颈髓损伤患者临床资料。患者均为男性，年龄 37～71 岁，平均 51.4 岁。致伤原因：交通事故伤 2 例，摔伤 2 例，击打伤 3 例。受伤至入院时间 2 h～3 d，平均 9 h。齿状突骨折采用 Anderson-Grauer 分型，ⅡA 型 1 例，ⅡB 型 3 例，ⅡC 型 2 例，浅 Ⅲ 型 1 例。颈髓损伤受累节段：C 4、5 1 例，C 4～6 2 例，C 5～7 4 例。颈椎退变程度：轻度 2 例，中度 3 例，重度 2 例。无骨折脱位型下颈髓损伤采用下颈椎损伤分型系统评分（SLIC）为 4～6 分，平均 5.1 分。枕颈部疼痛采用疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）为（7.8±1.0）分。神经功能采用 ASIA 分级，B 级 1 例，C 级 4 例，D 级 2 例；日本骨科协会（JOA）评分为（9.2±3.9）分。齿状突骨折采用前路螺钉固定术 4 例，后路寰枢椎固定融合术 3 例；下颈髓损伤采用前路椎体次全切除钛网植骨融合术 4 例，椎间盘切除 Cage 植骨融合术 3 例。. 结果: 手术时间 178～252 min，平均 210.2 min；术中出血量 60～140 mL，平均 96.5 mL，均未输血。术后切口均 Ⅰ 期愈合。7 例患者均获随访，随访时间 12～66 个月，平均 18 个月。均未出现与颈椎手术直接相关的并发症。术后植骨均完全融合，融合时间 6～9 个月，平均 7.7 个月。随访期间未见内固定物松动、脱落。末次随访时枕颈部疼痛 VAS 评分为（1.7±0.7）分，JOA 评分为（15.1±1.7）分，均较术前显著改善（ t=18.064， P=0.000； t=–7.066， P=0.000）。末次随访时神经功能 ASIA 分级为 D 级 5 例，E 级 2 例，与术前比较差异有统计学意义（ Z=–2.530， P=0.011）。. 结论: 复合暴力和下颈椎退变是齿状突骨折合并无骨折脱位型下颈髓损伤的主要原因，依据齿状突骨折的类型与下颈髓的损伤状态制定并实施一期手术可获满意疗效。.
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