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  • Title: A serologic epidemiological study of parainfluenza 1, 2, and 3 viruses in beef cattle and calves in Illinois.
    Author: Karim A, Ghoneim NH, Woods GT, Mansfield ME, Brown JR.
    Journal: Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol; 1985 Mar; 47(3):437-40. PubMed ID: 2986256.
    Abstract:
    Beef cattle and calves in four Illinois populations were studied. Serum was tested by the hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test for antibodies to parainfluenza viruses (PIV) 1, 2, and 3. In all but group 3 a low level of antibody to PIV-1 and 2 was demonstrated. The highest prevalence and incidence of HI-antibodies was found for PIV-3, followed by PIV-1. There may have been a cross-reaction between PIV-1 and -3 in Group 1 calves. The low level of HI antibodies to PIV-1 and 2 may have resulted from infections early in life or colostral antibodies that decreased with age.
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