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  • Title: [Potential Risk and Distribution Characteristics of PPCPs in Surface Water and Sediment from Rivers and Lakes in Beijing, China].
    Author: Zhang PW, Zhou HD, Zhao GF, Li K, Zhao XH, Liu QN, Ren M, Zhao DD, Li DJ.
    Journal: Huan Jing Ke Xue; 2017 May 08; 38(5):1852-1862. PubMed ID: 29965089.
    Abstract:
    Thirty-four water samples and twenty-three sediment samples from the urban rivers, ten water samples and five sediment samples from urban lakes were collected in Beijing. Ten PPCPs (acetaminophen, lincomycin, caffeine, trimethoprim, azithromycin, sulfamethoxazole, diltiazem, tylosin, carbamazepine, fluoxetine) were extracted from water samples by solid-phase extraction (SPE) and from sediment samples by ultrasonic extraction, and then analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The ranges of geometric mean values were 0-655 ng·L-1 and 0-252 ng·L-1 in water samples from urban rivers and lakes,respectively. The range of detection ratio was 0-100% for 10 PPCPs in river water samples, caffeine was the dominant pollutant in water samples and the detection ratio was 100%, whereas sulfamethoxazole, diltiazem and tylosin were not detected in river samples. The range of detection ratio was 0-100% for 10 PPCPs in lake water samples. The detection ratios of acetaminophen, lincomycin, caffeine and azithromycin were 100%, whereas sulfamethoxazole, diltiazem, tylosin, carbamazepine were not detected in lake water samples. The ranges of geometric mean values were N.D.-1709 ng·g-1and N.D.-35.9 ng·g-1in sediment samples from urban rivers and lakes, respectively. The ranges of detection ratio were 4%-96% and 0-100% for 10 PPCPs in river and lake sediment samples, respectively. The detection ratio of trimethoprim was 96% and that of tylosin was 4% in river sediment, the detection ratio of diltiazem was 100% and caffeine, tylosin,carbamazepine were not detected. The concentrations of PPCPs in water and sediment samples from Yongyin River, Liangshui River, Tonghui River, Bahe River were higher than those in other rivers. The concentrations of PPCPs in water and sediment samples from Yongding River,Kunyu River were lower than those in other rivers. Further risk assessment results showed that the overall risk was not high in water of rivers and lakes and the RQ values were below 0.1, which showed low risk to microorganisms. But the condition was not the same in sediment from rivers and lakes. The RQ values of acetaminophen were between 0.1 and 1 in sediments from Yongyin River, Tonghui River, Bahe River. The RQ values of lincomycin were between 0.1 and 1 in sediments from Yongyin River, Wenyu River,Tonghui River, Hucheng River, Bahe River, Liangshui River, Houhai Lake. The RQ values of trimethoprim were between 0.1 and 1 in sediments from Yongyin River, Qinghe River, Wenyu River, Tonghui River Hucheng River, Bahe River, Liangma River, Liangshui River and Houhai Lake. The RQ values of azithromycin were between 0.1 and 1 in sediments from Liangma River, Liangshui River, which all showed medium risk to microorganisms in sediments. The RQ values of azithromycin exceeded 1 from Yongyin River, Qinghe River, Wenyu River, Tonghui River, Bahe River and Houhai Lake, which showed high risk to microorganisms in sediments.
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