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  • Title: Evaluation of age-dependent changes of myocardial velocity using pulsed wave and colour tissue Doppler imaging in adult warmblood horses.
    Author: Gehlen H, Bildheim LM.
    Journal: J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl); 2018 Dec; 102(6):1731-1742. PubMed ID: 30027679.
    Abstract:
    Our aim was to evaluate the influence of the ageing process on the myocardium using pulsed wave tissue Doppler (PW-TDI) and colour tissue Doppler imaging (cTDI) to measure myocardial velocities at three different myocardial regions (right ventricular free wall: RVFW, interventricular septum: IVS, left ventricular free wall: LVFW). A total of 60 healthy warmblood horses, aged from 3 to 30 years, were examined. The horses were divided into five age groups (group 1: 3-8 years, n = 14; group 2: 9-13 years, n = 9; group 3: 14-18 years, n = 10; group 4: 19-23 years, n = 14; group 5: 24-30 years, n = 10). The results showed that age has a significant influence on the radial myocardial velocity of horses in different myocardial regions. This influence was detectable by both echocardiographic techniques, although PW-TDI measurements showed a higher reproducibility due to lower intraindividual variation coefficients. Systolic contraction velocity (p ≤ 0.01) and early diastolic relaxation velocity (p ≤ 0.001) in the LVFW decreased significantly with ageing, while late diastolic contraction velocity increased (0.001 < p ≤ 0.01). Early and late diastolic contraction velocities at the IVS increased significantly with ageing (p ≤ 0.001). Systolic and late-diastolic contraction velocities at the RVFW increased significantly with ageing (p ≤ 0.001). The results indicated a decrease in left ventricular contraction ability and reduced myocardial relaxation and altered diastolic function in the right ventricle with increasing age. These functional changes may be signs of age-related structural myocardial changes or cardiac remodelling, such as increased myocardial stiffness. Thus, an assessment of the radial myocardial velocities of a horse's heart with TDI should always consider physiological age-related changes in contractility. Comparing the two examination techniques (PW-TDI and cTDI) we used in our study, we found that both methods showed comparable age-related alterations. Nevertheless, differences in absolute values were found with a tendency of higher values using PW-TDI in comparison to cTDI.
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