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  • Title: Lower-Extremity Kinematics During Ankle Inversion Perturbations: A Novel Experimental Protocol That Simulates an Unexpected Lateral Ankle Sprain Mechanism.
    Author: Simpson JD, Stewart EM, Mosby AM, Macias DM, Chander H, Knight AC.
    Journal: J Sport Rehabil; 2019 Aug 01; 28(6):593-600. PubMed ID: 30040015.
    Abstract:
    CONTEXT: Lateral ankle sprains are a common injury in which the mechanics of injury have been extensively studied. However, the anticipatory mechanisms to ankle inversion perturbations are not well understood. OBJECTIVE: To examine lower-extremity kinematics, including spatial and temporal variables of maximum inversion displacement and maximum inversion velocity, during landings on a tilted surface using a new experimental protocol to replicate a lateral ankle sprain. SETTING: Three-dimensional motion analysis laboratory. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 23 healthy adults. INTERVENTIONS: Participants completed unexpected (UE) and expected (EXP) unilateral landings onto a tilted surface rotated 25° in the frontal plane from a height of 30 cm. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Ankle, knee, and hip kinematics at each discrete time point from 150 ms pre-initial contact (IC) to 150 ms post-IC, in addition to maximum ankle inversion and maximum inversion velocity, were compared between UE and EXP landings. RESULTS: The UE landing produced significantly greater maximum inversion displacement (P < .01) and maximum inversion velocity (P = .02) than the EXP landing. Significantly less ankle inversion and internal rotation were found during pre-IC, whereas during post-IC, significantly greater ankle inversion, ankle internal rotation, knee flexion, and knee abduction were observed for the UE landing (P < .05). In addition, significantly less hip flexion and hip adduction were observed for the UE landing during pre-IC and post-IC (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Differences in the UE and EXP landings indicate the experimental protocol presented a UE inversion perturbation that approximates the mechanism of a lateral ankle sprain. Furthermore, knowledge of the inversion perturbation elicited a hip-dominant strategy, which may be utilized to assist with ankle joint stabilization during landing to further protect the lateral ankle from injury.
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