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  • Title: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma targeting nanomedicine promotes cardiac healing after acute myocardial infarction by skewing monocyte/macrophage polarization in preclinical animal models.
    Author: Tokutome M, Matoba T, Nakano Y, Okahara A, Fujiwara M, Koga JI, Nakano K, Tsutsui H, Egashira K.
    Journal: Cardiovasc Res; 2019 Feb 01; 115(2):419-431. PubMed ID: 30084995.
    Abstract:
    AIMS: Monocyte-mediated inflammation is a major mechanism underlying myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) injury and the healing process after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, no definitive anti-inflammatory therapies have been developed for clinical use. Pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) agonist, has unique anti-inflammatory effects on monocytes/macrophages. Here, we tested the hypothesis that nanoparticle (NP)-mediated targeting of pioglitazone to monocytes/macrophages ameliorates IR injury and cardiac remodelling in preclinical animal models. METHODS AND RESULTS: We formulated poly (lactic acid/glycolic acid) NPs containing pioglitazone (pioglitazone-NPs). In a mouse IR model, these NPs were delivered predominantly to circulating monocytes and macrophages in the IR heart. Intravenous treatment with pioglitazone-NPs at the time of reperfusion attenuated IR injury. This effect was abrogated by pre-treatment with the PPARγ antagonist GW9662. In contrast, treatment with a pioglitazone solution had no therapeutic effects on IR injury. Pioglitazone-NPs inhibited Ly6Chigh inflammatory monocyte recruitment as well as inflammatory gene expression in the IR hearts. In a mouse myocardial infarction model, intravenous treatment with pioglitazone-NPs for three consecutive days, starting 6 h after left anterior descending artery ligation, attenuated cardiac remodelling by reducing macrophage recruitment and polarizing macrophages towards the pro-healing M2 phenotype. Furthermore, pioglitazone-NPs significantly decreased mortality after MI. Finally, in a conscious porcine model of myocardial IR, pioglitazone-NPs induced cardioprotection from reperfused infarction, thus providing pre-clinical proof of concept. CONCLUSION: NP-mediated targeting of pioglitazone to inflammatory monocytes protected the heart from IR injury and cardiac remodelling by antagonizing monocyte/macrophage-mediated acute inflammation and promoting cardiac healing after AMI.
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