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  • Title: Nonequilibrium Statistical Mechanics of Two-Dimensional Vortices.
    Author: Pakter R, Levin Y.
    Journal: Phys Rev Lett; 2018 Jul 13; 121(2):020602. PubMed ID: 30085692.
    Abstract:
    It has been observed empirically that two-dimensional vortices tend to cluster, forming a giant vortex. To account for this observation, Onsager introduced the concept of negative absolute temperature in equilibrium statistical mechanics. In this Letter, we show that in the thermodynamic limit a system of interacting vortices does not relax to the thermodynamic equilibrium but becomes trapped in a nonequilibrium stationary state. We show that the vortex distribution in this nonequilibrium stationary state has a characteristic core-halo structure, which can be predicted a priori. All the theoretical results are compared with explicit molecular dynamics simulations.
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