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  • Title: An Overview of Munchausen Syndrome and Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy.
    Author: Abeln B, Love R.
    Journal: Nurs Clin North Am; 2018 Sep; 53(3):375-384. PubMed ID: 30100003.
    Abstract:
    Munchausen syndrome and Munchausen syndrome by proxy are complex diseases that are difficult to diagnose and treat. To assist in this process, an overview of diagnostic criteria with common characteristics and red flags are discussed, with case studies illustrating identification and diagnosis of these disorders. Treatment options are addressed within the context of each of these complex syndromes. The provider's knowledge of diagnostic criteria and treatment options for Munchausen syndrome and Munchausen syndrome by proxy promotes better outcomes for patients. Without an early diagnosis and intervention, the patient is at high risk for severe complications, including organ failure and mortality.
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