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  • Title: Highly efficient broadband second harmonic generation mediated by mode hybridization and nonlinearity patterning in compact fiber-integrated lithium niobate nano-waveguides.
    Author: Cai L, Gorbach AV, Wang Y, Hu H, Ding W.
    Journal: Sci Rep; 2018 Aug 20; 8(1):12478. PubMed ID: 30127491.
    Abstract:
    The inherent trade-off between efficiency and bandwidth of three-wave mixing processes in χ2 nonlinear waveguides is the major impediment for scaling down many well-established frequency conversion schemes onto the level of integrated photonic circuit. Here, we show that hybridization between modes of a silica microfiber and a LiNbO3 nanowaveguide, amalgamated with laminar χ2 patterning, offers an elegant approach for engineering broadband phase matching and high efficiency of three-wave mixing processes in an ultra-compact and natively fiber-integrated setup. We demonstrate exceptionally high normalized second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency of up to ηnor ≈ 460% W-1 cm-2, combined with a large phase matching bandwidth of Δλ ≈ 100 nm (bandwidth-length product of Δλ · L ≈ 5 μm2) near the telecom bands, and extraordinary adjustment flexibility.
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