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  • Title: [Study on cytotoxicity of three-dimensional printed β-tricalcium phosphate loaded poly (lactide-co-glycolide) anti-tuberculosis drug sustained release microspheres and its effect on osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells].
    Author: Gong D, Ma Y, Yang X, Xie W, Shao L, Zhen P.
    Journal: Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi; 2018 Sep 01; 32(9):1131-1136. PubMed ID: 30129348.
    Abstract:
    OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of three-dimensional (3D) printed β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffold loaded poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) anti-tuberculosis drug sustained release microspheres on osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and its cytotoxicity. METHODS: Isoniazid and rifampicin/PLGA sustained release microspheres were prepared by W/O/W multiple emulsion method. The β-TCP scaffolds were prepared by 3D printing technique. The microspheres were loaded on the scaffolds by centrifugal oscillation method to prepare composite materials. The BMSCs of Sprague Dawley rat were isolated and cultured by whole bone marrow adherent method, and the third generation cells were used for the following experiments. BMSCs were co-cultured with osteogenic induction medium (group A), PLGA anti-tuberculosis drug sustained release microsphere extract (group B), 3D printed β-TCP scaffold extract (group C), and 3D printed β-TCP scaffold loaded PLGA anti-tuberculosis drug sustained release microsphere composite extract (group D), respectively. Cytotoxicity was detected by cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8) method; the calcium deposition was observed by alizarin red staining; and the mRNA expressions of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OCN), and bone sialoprotein (BSP) were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). RESULTS: CCK-8 assay showed that the absorbance ( A) value of groups A, B, C, and D increased gradually with the culture time prolonging. After cultured for 24, 48, and 72 hours, the A value decreased in the order of groups A, C, B, and D. There was no significant difference between groups B and D ( P>0.05), but there were significant differences between other groups ( P<0.05). The cytotoxicity was evaluated as grade 0-2, and the toxicity test was qualified. Alizarin red staining showed that red mineralized nodules were formed in all groups at 21 days after osteogenic induction, but the number of mineralized nodules decreased sequentially in groups C, D, A, and B. RT-qPCR test results showed that the relative expressions of OCN and BSP genes in groups A, B, C, and D increased gradually with the culture time prolonging. The relative expression of ALP gene increased at 7 and 14 days, and decreased at 21 days. After cultured for 7, 14, and 21 days, the relative expressions of ALP, OCN, and BSP genes decreased sequentially in groups C, D, A, and B; the differences were significant between groups at different time points ( P<0.05). CONCLUSION: 3D printed β-TCP loaded PLGA anti-tuberculosis drug sustained release microsphere composites have no obvious cytotoxicity to BMSCs, and can promote BMSCs to differentiate into osteoblasts to a certain extent. 目的: 研究 3D 打印技术制备的 β-磷酸三钙(β-tricalcium phosphate,β-TCP)支架负载聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物[poly(lactide-co-glycolide),PLGA]抗结核药物缓释微球的细胞毒性及对 BMSCs 成骨分化的影响。 方法: 通过复乳溶剂挥发法制备异烟肼、利福平/PLGA 缓释微球,3D 打印技术制备 β-TCP 支架,用离心震荡法将微球负载于支架上制备复合材料。采用全骨髓贴壁法分离培养 SD 大鼠 BMSCs,取第 3 代细胞分别与成骨诱导培养液(A 组)、PLGA 抗结核药物缓释微球浸提液(B 组)、3D 打印 β-TCP 支架浸提液(C 组)、3D 打印 β-TCP 负载 PLGA 抗结核药物缓释微球复合材料浸提液(D 组)共培养。采用细胞计数试剂盒 8(cell counting kit 8,CCK-8)法检测细胞毒性;茜素红染色观察钙沉积情况;实时荧光定量 PCR(real time fluorescence quantitative PCR,RT-qPCR)检测成骨相关基因 ALP、骨钙素(osteocalcin,OCN)和骨涎蛋白(bone sialoprotein,BSP)的表达。 结果: CCK-8 法检测示,随培养时间延长 A、B、C、D 组吸光度( A)值逐渐增加;培养 24、48、72 h 时, A 值按 A、C、B、D 组顺序递减,除 B、D 组间比较差异无统计学意义( P>0.05)外,其余各组间比较差异均有统计学意义( P<0.05)。细胞毒性评价为 0~2 级,毒性实验合格。成骨诱导 21 d 茜素红染色示,各组均有红色矿化结节形成,但矿化结节数量 C 组>D 组>A 组>B 组。RT-qPCR 检测示,随培养时间延长,A、B、C、D 组 OCN 和 BSP 基因相对表达量均呈逐渐增加趋势;ALP 基因相对表达量于 7、14 d 时呈增高趋势,21 d 时有所降低。培养 7、14、21 d 时 ALP、OCN 和 BSP 基因相对表达量均为 C 组>D 组>A 组>B 组,各时间点各组间比较差异均有统计学意义( P<0.05)。 结论: 3D 打印 β-TCP 负载 PLGA 抗结核药物缓释微球复合材料对 BMSCs 无明显细胞毒性,同时在一定程度上促进其向成骨细胞分化。
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