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  • Title: Efficacy of an adenovirus-vectored foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype A subunit vaccine in cattle using a direct contact transmission model.
    Author: Neilan JG, Schutta C, Barrera J, Pisano M, Zsak L, Hartwig E, Rasmussen MV, Kamicker BJ, Ettyreddy D, Brough DE, Butman BT, Brake DA.
    Journal: BMC Vet Res; 2018 Aug 29; 14(1):254. PubMed ID: 30157853.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND: A direct contact transmission challenge model was used to simulate natural foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) spread from FMDV A24/Cruzeiro/BRA/55 infected 'seeder' steers to naïve or vaccinated steers previously immunized with a replication-deficient human adenovirus-vectored FMDV A24/Cruzeiro/BRA/55 capsid-based subunit vaccine (AdtA24). In two independent vaccine efficacy trials, AdtA24 was administered once intramuscularly in the neck 7 days prior to contact with FMDV A24/Cruzeiro/BRA/55-infected seeder steers. RESULTS: In Efficacy Study 1, we evaluated three doses of AdtA24 to estimate the 50%/90% bovine protective dose (BPD50/90) for prevention of clinical FMD. In vaccinated, contact-challenged steers, the BPD50/90 was 3.1 × 1010 / 5.5 × 1010 AdtA24 particles formulated without adjuvant. In Efficacy Study 2, steers vaccinated with 5 × 1010 AdtA24 particles, exposed to FMDV A24/Cruzeiro/BRA/55-infected seeder steers, did not develop clinical FMD or transmit FMDV to other vaccinated or naïve, non-vaccinated steers. In contrast, naïve, non-vaccinated steers that were subsequently exposed to FMDV A24/Cruzeiro/BRA/55-infected seeder steers developed clinical FMD and transmitted FMDV by contact to additional naïve, non-vaccinated steers. The AdtA24 vaccine differentiated infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA) because no antibodies to FMDV nonstructural proteins were detected prior to FMDV exposure. CONCLUSIONS: A single dose of the AdtA24 non-adjuvanted vaccine conferred protection against clinical FMD at 7 days post-vaccination following direct contact transmission from FMDV-infected, naïve, non-vaccinated steers. The AdtA24 vaccine was effective in preventing FMDV transmission from homologous challenged, contact-exposed, AdtA24-vaccinated, protected steers to co-mingled, susceptible steers, suggesting that the vaccine may be beneficial in reducing both the magnitude and duration of a FMDV outbreak in a commercial cattle production setting.
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