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  • Title: Carnosic acid improves diabetic nephropathy by activating Nrf2/ARE and inhibition of NF-κB pathway.
    Author: Xie Z, Zhong L, Wu Y, Wan X, Yang H, Xu X, Li P.
    Journal: Phytomedicine; 2018 Aug 01; 47():161-173. PubMed ID: 30166101.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND: Diabetic nephropathy (DN), one of the most serious complications of diabetes, is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality of end-stage renal disease. Our previous research found that carnosic acid (CA) or rosemary extract can effectively improve glucose and lipid metabolism disorder by inhibiting SREBPs. PURPOSE: In this study, we aimed to explore the therapeutic effects of CA on the DN. METHODS: The mice glomerular mesangial cells (mGMCs) were used to evaluate the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammation effects of CA under high glucose (HG) condition. Furthermore, db/db mice and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice were used to investigate the effects of CA against DN in vivo. RESULTS: The results showed that CA activated Nrf2, inhibited NF-κB pathway and regulated related downstream genes in mGMC under HG condition. A 14-week treatment of mice with CA reduced water uptake and urine volume, attenuated diabetes-induced albuminuria, increased urine creatinine, and subsequently improved the glomerular sclerosis and mesangial expansion in db/db mice. Similarly, a 20-week oral administration of CA improved kidney damage in STZ-induced diabetic mice. In addition, CA inhibited the expression of profibrotic factors, such as TGF-β1, fibronectin and E-cadherin. Compared to irbesartan, CA exerted better glucose lowering effect, and in kidney, CA was more potent to reduce fibronectin and E-cadherin expression. In all the animal experiment, CA did not lead to abnormal damages to other tissues. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that CA is a safe compound which exerts the protective effects on diabetes-induced kidney complications.
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