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  • Title: Seismic imaging and petrology explain highly explosive eruptions of Merapi Volcano, Indonesia.
    Author: Widiyantoro S, Ramdhan M, Métaxian JP, Cummins PR, Martel C, Erdmann S, Nugraha AD, Budi-Santoso A, Laurin A, Fahmi AA.
    Journal: Sci Rep; 2018 Sep 12; 8(1):13656. PubMed ID: 30209278.
    Abstract:
    Our seismic tomographic images characterize, for the first time, spatial and volumetric details of the subvertical magma plumbing system of Merapi Volcano. We present P- and S-wave arrival time data, which were collected in a dense seismic network, known as DOMERAPI, installed around the volcano for 18 months. The P- and S-wave arrival time data with similar path coverage reveal a high Vp/Vs structure extending from a depth of ≥20 km below mean sea level (MSL) up to the summit of the volcano. Combined with results of petrological studies, our seismic tomography data allow us to propose: (1) the existence of a shallow zone of intense fluid percolation, directly below the summit of the volcano; (2) a main, pre-eruptive magma reservoir at ≥ 10 to 20 km below MSL that is orders of magnitude larger than erupted magma volumes; (3) a deep magma reservoir at MOHO depth which supplies the main reservoir; and (4) an extensive, subvertical fluid-magma-transfer zone from the mantle to the surface. Such high-resolution spatial constraints on the volcano plumbing system as shown are an important advance in our ability to forecast and to mitigate the hazard potential of Merapi's future eruptions.
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