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  • Title: Paraneoplastic tonic pupils.
    Author: Maitland CG, Scherokman BJ, Schiffman J, Harlan JW, Galdi AP.
    Journal: J Clin Neuroophthalmol; 1985 Jun; 5(2):99-104. PubMed ID: 3025265.
    Abstract:
    Tonic pupils developed in two patients with malignancies outside the nervous system. Symptoms and signs of more generalized somatic and autonomic nervous system involvement were also present. Although the exact morphologic basis for autonomic dysfunction in patients with paraneoplastic neurologic deterioration is uncertain, recent studies suggest that in some cases an autoimmune mechanism is responsible and may be directed against autonomic ganglion cells.
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