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  • Title: Reproducibility of the Measurement of Bulk/Tapped Density of Pharmaceutical Powders Between Pharmaceutical Laboratories.
    Author: Akseli I, Hilden J, Katz JM, Kelly RC, Kramer TT, Mao C, Osei-Yeboah F, Strong JC.
    Journal: J Pharm Sci; 2019 Mar; 108(3):1081-1084. PubMed ID: 30326209.
    Abstract:
    The bulk properties of a powder are dependent on the preparation, treatment, and storage of the sample, that is, how it was handled. The particles can be packed to have a range of bulk densities and, moreover, the slightest disturbance of the powder bed may result in a changed bulk density. Thus, the bulk density of a powder is often difficult to measure with good reproducibility and, in reporting the results, it is essential to specify how the determination was made. In this article, we measured the bulk density, tapped density, and calculated the Hausner ratio of commonly used excipients with similar tapped density testers and followed the United States Pharmacopeia 30-National Formulary 25-S1 testing procedure. Based on the analysis, within lot and lot-to-lot variability and the relative errors for bulk density, tapped density, and Hausner ratio were found to be acceptable. Lot-to-lot differences were generally not measurable using this test as they were found to be within the variability of the test. The results also indicated that there was no statistically significant bias between sites for tapped density and Hausner ratio, but there was a marginally significant bias in the bulk density data set.
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