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  • Title: Anaerobic respiration coupled with mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis in wax ester fermentation by Euglena gracilis.
    Author: Nakazawa M, Ando H, Nishimoto A, Ohta T, Sakamoto K, Ishikawa T, Ueda M, Sakamoto T, Nakano Y, Miyatake K, Inui H.
    Journal: FEBS Lett; 2018 Dec; 592(24):4020-4027. PubMed ID: 30328102.
    Abstract:
    In Euglena gracilis, wax ester fermentation produces ATP during anaerobiosis. Here, we report that anaerobic wax ester production is suppressed when the mitochondrial electron transport chain complex I is inhibited by rotenone, whereas it is increased by the uncoupler carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP). The ADP/ATP ratio in anaerobic cells is elevated by treatment with either rotenone or CCCP. Gene silencing experiments indicate that acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, electron transfer flavoprotein (ETF), and rhodoquinone (RQ) participate in wax ester production. These results suggest that fatty acids are synthesized in mitochondria by the reversal of β-oxidation, where trans-2-enoyl-CoA is reduced mainly by acyl-CoA dehydrogenase using the electrons provided by NADH via the electron transport chain complex I, RQ, and ETF, and that ATP production is highly supported by anaerobic respiration utilizing trans-2-enoyl-CoA as a terminal electron acceptor.
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