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  • Title: The metabolite BH4 controls T cell proliferation in autoimmunity and cancer.
    Author: Cronin SJF, Seehus C, Weidinger A, Talbot S, Reissig S, Seifert M, Pierson Y, McNeill E, Longhi MS, Turnes BL, Kreslavsky T, Kogler M, Hoffmann D, Ticevic M, da Luz Scheffer D, Tortola L, Cikes D, Jais A, Rangachari M, Rao S, Paolino M, Novatchkova M, Aichinger M, Barrett L, Latremoliere A, Wirnsberger G, Lametschwandtner G, Busslinger M, Zicha S, Latini A, Robson SC, Waisman A, Andrews N, Costigan M, Channon KM, Weiss G, Kozlov AV, Tebbe M, Johnsson K, Woolf CJ, Penninger JM.
    Journal: Nature; 2018 Nov; 563(7732):564-568. PubMed ID: 30405245.
    Abstract:
    Genetic regulators and environmental stimuli modulate T cell activation in autoimmunity and cancer. The enzyme co-factor tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is involved in the production of monoamine neurotransmitters, the generation of nitric oxide, and pain1,2. Here we uncover a link between these processes, identifying a fundamental role for BH4 in T cell biology. We find that genetic inactivation of GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (GCH1, the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of BH4) and inhibition of sepiapterin reductase (the terminal enzyme in the synthetic pathway for BH4) severely impair the proliferation of mature mouse and human T cells. BH4 production in activated T cells is linked to alterations in iron metabolism and mitochondrial bioenergetics. In vivo blockade of BH4 synthesis abrogates T-cell-mediated autoimmunity and allergic inflammation, and enhancing BH4 levels through GCH1 overexpression augments responses by CD4- and CD8-expressing T cells, increasing their antitumour activity in vivo. Administration of BH4 to mice markedly reduces tumour growth and expands the population of intratumoral effector T cells. Kynurenine-a tryptophan metabolite that blocks antitumour immunity-inhibits T cell proliferation in a manner that can be rescued by BH4. Finally, we report the development of a potent SPR antagonist for possible clinical use. Our data uncover GCH1, SPR and their downstream metabolite BH4 as critical regulators of T cell biology that can be readily manipulated to either block autoimmunity or enhance anticancer immunity.
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