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  • Title: Change in Bacterial Causes of Community-Acquired Parapneumonic Effusion and Pleural Empyema in Children 6 Years After 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Implementation.
    Author: Madhi F, Levy C, Morin L, Minodier P, Dubos F, Zenkhri F, Dommergues MA, Mezgueldi E, Levieux K, Pneumonia Study Group , Béchet S, Varon E, Cohen R, GPIP (Pediatric Infectious Disease Group) .
    Journal: J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc; 2019 Nov 06; 8(5):474-477. PubMed ID: 30407519.
    Abstract:
    We describe here changes in the bacterial causes of pleural empyema before and after implementation of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) program in France (2009-2017). For 220 (39.3%) of 560 children, a bacterial cause was found. The frequency of pneumococcal infection decreased during the study from 79.1% in 2009 to 36.4% in 2017 (P < .001). Group A streptococcus is now the leading cause of documented empyema (45.5%).
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