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  • Title: Sequentially Controlled Deformations of Patterned Hydrogels into 3D Configurations with Multilevel Structures.
    Author: Ma P, Niu B, Lin J, Kang T, Qian J, Wu ZL, Zheng Q.
    Journal: Macromol Rapid Commun; 2019 Feb; 40(3):e1800681. PubMed ID: 30417474.
    Abstract:
    Sequential deformations of patterned hydrogels into 3D configurations with multilevel structures are reported, which are realized for the first time in self-shaping materials. The periodically patterned single-layer hydrogels with different polymers are fabricated by multi-step photolithography. After swelling in water, the expansion of compartmentalized high-swelling gels is constrained by the dispersed non-swelling gels, resulting in out-of-plane buckling with high cooperativity and thus forming alternating concave-convex configuration. When the dispersed non-swelling gels are partly replaced by thermoresponsive ones, the preformed overall flat, yet locally undulant, hydrogel deforms further into dome-, saddle-, or sandglass-like configurations at elevated temperature. As such, multilevel 3D structures can be achieved via prebuilt mechanical/geometric cues in a sequentially controlled manner. This conceptual design and sequential deformation of patterned hydrogels to form 3D configurations with multilevel structures should enrich the deformation/functioning modes of morphing materials and broaden their applications in diverse areas.
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