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Title: [Prevalence of Candida albicans and its relationship with early childhood caries among children of three ethnic groups (Han, Uygur, Mongolian) in Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region].
Author: Cao HF, Dong Y, Yang T, Li BB, Zhao J.
Journal: Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi; 2018 Nov 09; 53(11):730-735. PubMed ID: 30419652.
Abstract:
Objective: To investigate the distributions of Candida albicans (Ca), which are closely associated to early childhood caries (ECC) of young children, in 3-5-year-old children of Mongolian, Uygur and Han ethnic groups in Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture of Xinjiang Urgur Autonomous Region, so as to provide scientific basis for the early prediction and prevention of caries locally. Methods: Totally 1 089 healthy children aged 3 to 5 years old (Mongolian 136, Uygur 403 and Han 550; 568 males and 521 females) were randomly selected by stratified and cluster sampling method. The children in early childhood caries group were 786 and in caries free group were 303. Dental plaque samples were collected from the carious tooth tissues and supragingival sites, respectively. Samples were isolated and cultured by different media. Ca were identified by Gram stain, germ tube test, PCR method and internal transcribed spacer region sequencing methods. Ca isolated were further typed by using PCR-25SrDNA genotype method. Pearson χ(2) test and Spearman rank correlation were used to analyze the differences in genotypes of Ca amongst three ethnic groups and the relationship between decayed missing filled tooth (dmft) classification and detection of Ca. Results: The Ca was significantly higher in the ECC group [14.4% (113/786)] than in the caries free group [7.6% (23/303)] (P=0.002). The identified rate of Ca in Mongolian group was [11.8% (16/136)], which was significantly lower than that of Uygur group [17.9% (72/403)] and higher than that of Han group [8.7% (48/550)] (χ(2)=10.192, P=0.006). Among the male children, the identified rate of Ca in Mongolian group was [10.0% (8/80)], which was significantly lower than that of Uygur group [21.7% (44/203)] and higher than that of Han group [8.4% (24/285)] (χ(2)=18.887, P=0.000). Among the female children, the detection rates of Ca were [14.3% (8/56)] in Mongolian group, [14.0% (28/200)] in Uygur group and [9.1% (24/265)] in Han group. There were no significant differences among the three ethnic groups (χ(2)=3.206, P=0.201). The identification rates of oral Ca in Uygur and Han ECC groups were correlated with the decayed, missing and filled teeth (Uygur r=0.195, P=0.001; Han r=0.145, P=0.004). Totally 136 Ca samples were divided into 3 types by PCR-25SrDNA method, and the predominant type was type A [55.1% (75/136)]. Conclusions: The distribution of oral Ca among children were ethnically different. Uygur male children carrying Ca were more susceptible to dental caries. Ca might be a risk factor for ECC. There was no specific cariogenic genotype in Ca isolated. There were no associations between ethnic factors and the genotypes of Ca isolated. 目的： 检测白色念珠菌在新疆博尔塔拉蒙古自治州蒙古族、维吾尔族及汉族儿童口腔中的分布，并探讨其与低龄儿童龋的相关性，以期为龋病的早预测及早预防提供依据。 方法： 采用多阶段、分层、整群抽样、随机数字表法，对新疆博尔塔拉蒙古自治州1 089名3~5岁健康儿童（蒙古族136名、维吾尔族403名、汉族550名；男性568名、女性521名）进行横断面研究，按照标准分为低龄儿童龋（early childhood caries，ECC）组786名，无龋组303名。采集有龋组龋坏组织样本（取所有龋坏牙表面的牙体组织）和无龋组龈上菌斑，利用鉴别培养基分离培养，并通过革兰染色、芽管试验、PCR及内转录间隔区测序进行鉴定，PCR-25SrDNA法进行基因分型。对不同基因型白色念珠菌在不同民族、不同性别间的差异和龋失补牙数分级与白色念珠检出的关系运用Pearson χ(2)检验和Spearman相关分析进行统计学分析。 结果： 样本检测结果显示，总样本中，ECC组白色念珠菌检出率[14.4%（113/786）]显著高于无龋组[7.6%（23/303）]（χ(2)=9.214，P=0.002）；维吾尔族白色念珠菌检出率[17.9%（72/403）]显著高于汉族[8.7%（48/550）]（χ(2)=17.648，P=0.000），三民族检出率差异有统计学意义（χ(2)=17.848，P=0.000）。男性儿童中，维吾尔族白色念珠菌检出率[21.7%（44/203）]显著高于汉族[8.4%（24/285）]（χ(2)=17.365，P=0.000），三民族检出率差异有统计学意义（χ(2)=18.887，P=0.000）；女性儿童中，蒙古族[14.3%（8/56）]、维吾尔族[14.0%（28/200）]及汉族白色念珠菌检出率[9.1%（24/265）]差异无统计学意义（χ(2)=3.206，P=0.201）。ECC组维吾尔族和汉族口腔白色念珠菌检出率与龋失补牙数分级具有显著相关性（维吾尔族：r=0.195，P=0.001；汉族：r=0.145，P=0.004）。136例白色念珠菌样本中PCR-25SrDNA分3型，以A型为主[55.1%（75/136）]。 结论： 低龄儿童口腔白色念珠菌的分布具有民族差异性；携带白色念珠菌的维吾尔族男性儿童更易患龋；携带白色念珠菌可能导致ECC，白色念珠菌无特殊致龋基因型，民族与携带白色念珠菌基因型并无关联。.

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