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  • Title: The differences of humeral torsion angle and the glenohumeral rotation angles between young right-handed and left-handed pitchers.
    Author: Takeuchi S, Yoshida M, Sugimoto K, Tsuchiya A, Takenaga T, Goto H.
    Journal: J Shoulder Elbow Surg; 2019 Apr; 28(4):678-684. PubMed ID: 30502031.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND: The differences between young right-handed and left-handed baseball players are not well known. This study compared the range of the shoulder motion and humeral torsion angle (HTA) between right-handed and left-handed young baseball pitchers. METHODS: A total of 65 young baseball pitchers (age, 9-12 years; 46 right-handed throwers, R group; and 19 left-handed throwers, L group) were analyzed. The glenohumeral internal rotation (IR) angle and external rotation (ER) angle were measured at 90° shoulder abduction, and HTA was assessed using indirect ultrasonographic techniques. The side-to-side difference in HTA (d-HTA), glenohumeral ER difference (GERD), and glenohumeral IR deficit (GIRD) were calculated. The adjusted GIRD and adjusted GERD were defined as the angles obtained by subtracting d-HTA from GIRD and GERD, respectively, to exclude the influence of humeral retrotorsion difference. RESULTS: HTA and ER of the throwing limb were significantly greater than those of the nonthrowing limb in the R group (HTA: 84° vs. 77°; P < .001, ER: 116° vs. 111°; P < .001), but no significant differences were observed in the L group (HTA: 79° vs. 77°, P = .103; ER: 113° vs. 114°, P = .380). Compared with the R group, the L group showed a significantly smaller d-HTA (2° vs. 8°, P < .001) and GERD (5° vs. -2°, P = .004), but no significant difference was observed in adjusted GERD between the groups (-3° vs. -4°, P = .690). CONCLUSION: Compared with the right-handed pitchers, the side-to-side differences of glenohumeral external rotation angle and humeral torsion angle were significantly smaller in the left-handed pitchers at a young age.
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