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  • Title: [Duplex sonography in carotid-cavernous sinus fistula].
    Author: Zisch R, Dinkhauser L, Lugmayr H.
    Journal: Ultraschall Med; 1988 Oct; 9(5):227-8. PubMed ID: 3051370.
    Abstract:
    The absence of valves in the ophthalmic veins leads to a reversal of flow and marked vascular dilatation if there is a carotid-cavernous sinus fistula. Based on a case report, the possibility of accurate duplex sonographic evaluation of these findings is shown. Duplex sonography should be employed as a simple, non-invasive and inexpensive diagnostic method even if the likelihood of a carotid-cavernosus sinus fistula is remote.
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