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  • Title: Prospective study of pulmonary hypertension in preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
    Author: Vayalthrikkovil S, Vorhies E, Stritzke A, Bashir RA, Mohammad K, Kamaluddeen M, Thomas S, Al Awad E, Murthy P, Soraisham A.
    Journal: Pediatr Pulmonol; 2019 Feb; 54(2):171-178. PubMed ID: 30549454.
    Abstract:
    OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence, risk factors, and optimal timing of echocardiogram for pulmonary hypertension (PH) in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). DESIGN: In this prospective study, infants with gestational age (GA) <30 weeks admitted to a tertiary NICU between July 2015 and June 2017 who required positive pressure ventilation or oxygen therapy at ≥28 days of life were evaluated with serial echocardiograms at study enrollment (4-6 weeks of age), 32 weeks (only for ≤25 weeks), 36, and 40 weeks post-menstrual age (PMA) for PH. RESULTS: Of 126 infants (mean birth weight 858 ± 221 g; mean GA 26.1 ± 1.6 wks), 48 (38%) developed PH at any time during their hospital stay. The first study echocardiogram was performed at a median age of 31 weeks PMA. The prevalence of PH was 36/126 (28.5%) at enrollment, at 6/30 (20%) at 32 weeks, 24/111 (21.6%) at 36 weeks, and 10/59 (17%) at 40 weeks. No new cases of PH were identified at 40 weeks. At 36 weeks, none of the infants with mild BPD had PH, whereas 20% of moderate and 32% of severe BPD infants had PH. After controlling for confounding variables severe BPD (OR 3.31, 95%CI 1.12, 9.74), and ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) (OR 17.9, 95%CI 3.9, 82.11) remained independent risk factors for BPD-associated PH. CONCLUSION: Echocardiographic screening for PH can be safely restricted to infants with moderate or severe BPD at 36 weeks PMA. We identified VAP as an independent risk factor for PH.
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