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  • Title: Mixed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in an individual: demonstration of both HIV type 1 and type 2 proviral sequences by using polymerase chain reaction.
    Author: Rayfield M, De Cock K, Heyward W, Goldstein L, Krebs J, Kwok S, Lee S, McCormick J, Moreau JM, Odehouri K.
    Journal: J Infect Dis; 1988 Dec; 158(6):1170-6. PubMed ID: 3058815.
    Abstract:
    Sera from persons seroreactive to both human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and type 2 (HIV-2), by whole-virus (VEIA) enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) for each virus, were selected from a seroprevalence study of 944 persons in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire, West Africa, in 1987. These sera were subsequently tested for HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibody specificity by type-specific peptide EIAs (PEIA) and western blot (WB) analysis for both viruses. Peripheral blood monocytes (PBMCs) from representative individuals were cultured in the presence of phytohemagglutinin-stimulated normal donor PBMCs. These cultures were periodically monitored for HIV-1 and HIV-2 proviral sequences by using the selective DNA amplification technique polymerase chain reaction (PCR). As an outgrowth of this study, we report the case of a person dually reactive by various serological techniques in whom proviral sequences from HIV-1 and HIV-2 were detected by PCR. This is the first confirmed case of a mixed HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection in a single individual.
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