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  • Title: Liver disease related to alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency in French children: The DEFI-ALPHA cohort.
    Author: Ruiz M, Lacaille F, Berthiller J, Joly P, Dumortier J, Aumar M, Bridoux-Henno L, Jacquemin E, Lamireau T, Broué P, Rivet C, Belmalih A, Restier L, Chapuis-Cellier C, Bouchecareilh M, Lachaux A, Groupe Francophone d’Hépatologie Gastroentérologie et Nutrition Pédiatriques.
    Journal: Liver Int; 2019 Jun; 39(6):1136-1146. PubMed ID: 30589493.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: To identify prognostic factors for liver disease in children with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, irrespective of phenotype, using the DEFI-ALPHA cohort. METHODS: Retrospective, then prospective from 2010, multicentre study including children known to have alpha-1 antitrypsin blood concentration below 0.8 g/L, born in France since 1989. Clinical and biological data were collected. Liver disease was classified as "severe" (portal hypertension, liver failure, liver transplantation or death); "moderate" (persistent abnormal liver biology without portal hypertension); and "mild/none" (normal or almost normal liver biology and native liver). Prognostic factors for severe liver disease were evaluated using a Cox semiparametric model. RESULTS: In January 2017, 153 patients from 19 centres had been included; genotypes were PIZZ in 81.9%, PISZ in 8.1%, other in 10.0%. Mean ± SD follow-up was 4.7 ± 2.1 years. Half of patients had moderate liver disease. Twenty-eight children (18.3%) had severe liver disease (mean age 2.5 years, range: 0-11.6): diagnosis of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency was made before two months of age in 65.4%, genotypes were PIZZ in 25 (89.3%), PISZ in 2, PIMlike Z in 1, 15 children underwent liver transplantation, 1 child died at 3 years of age. Neonatal cholestasis was significantly associated with severe liver disease (P = 0.007). CONCLUSION: Alpha-1 antitrypsin-deficient patients presenting with neonatal cholestasis were likely to develop severe liver disease. Some patients with non-homozygous ZZ genotype can develop severe liver disease, such as PISZ and M variants, when associated with predisposing factors. Further genetic studies will help to identify other factors involved in the development of liver complications.
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