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  • Title: Risk factor of bleeding after endoscopic sphincterotomy in average risk patients.
    Author: Bae SS, Lee DW, Han J, Kim HG.
    Journal: Surg Endosc; 2019 Oct; 33(10):3334-3340. PubMed ID: 30604265.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND: For therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) is necessary but it can lead to complications such as bleeding. Thus, we investigated the risk factors of post-ES bleeding in average risk patients. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who had been treated for ERCP between April 2006 and March 2013. The length of the ES incision was defined as minimal (up to proximal hooding fold), medium (between minimal and full length), and full (up to superior margin of sphincter opening). Exclusion criteria were as follows: if performed precut sphincterotomy or balloon dilatation, patients having altered anatomy or anticoagulant medications. RESULTS: A total of 3620 patients underwent ERCP and 1121 patients who underwent biliary ES were enrolled. Post-ES bleeding occurred in 108 of 1121 patients (9.6%) and mostly minor bleeding (94 patients, 87%). Length of ES was the only risk factor for post-ES bleeding in multivariate analysis. Complete hemostasis was achieved by endoscopic modalities and no serious complication developed after hemostasis. CONCLUSIONS: In average risk patients, length of ES was independent risk factor for post-ES bleeding and endoscopic hemostasis was safe and effective.
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