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  • Title: Effective and universal tool for evaluating heavy metals-passive dust samplers.
    Author: Dytłow S, Górka-Kostrubiec B.
    Journal: Environ Pollut; 2019 Apr; 247():188-194. PubMed ID: 30677663.
    Abstract:
    The study presents designating, accomplishing, optimizing, and validating a new tool - "passive sampler" (PS) that can be effectively used as a proxy to assess the level of traffic-related pollution. To construct the PS, a drainage pipe filled with a mixture of coarse sand and peat in a volume ratio of 1:1 was used; this was previously verified to exhibit high ability to accumulate pollutants. Magnetic methods supplemented with chemical method evaluating heavy metal content and electron microscopic observations were used to detect the effectiveness of the PS. The PS was validated in Warsaw, Poland, by observing the capacity and trends in the accumulation of traffic-related heavy metals as well as magnetic particles and by comparison of the properties of magnetic fraction of PS filling and street dust collected from the surface of road. A depth decreasing trend in distributions of magnetic susceptibility related to the concentration of magnetic particles and the content of heavy metals confirmed a very strong accumulation of pollution in the surface layer of samplers and their depth-migration. Magnetic fraction of PS filling and street dust revealed similarities in terms of magnetic mineralogy, grain size, domain state, morphology, and chemical composition. The good correlation of concentration of magnetic particles with traffic-related heavy metals indicates their similar transport pathway from road to sampler. Passive sampler is a compact, mobile, low-cost tool that does not require electricity for installation and can be effectively used for the identification of traffic-derived pollution. Moreover, the PS can overcome disadvantages of street dust arising from different geological backgrounds, cleaning of the road surface, runoff of deposited dust, etc., which cause the underestimation of pollution level.
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