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  • Title: Probing short-latency cortical inhibition in the visual cortex with transcranial magnetic stimulation: A reliability study.
    Author: Khammash D, Simmonite M, Polk TA, Taylor SF, Meehan SK.
    Journal: Brain Stimul; 2019; 12(3):702-704. PubMed ID: 30700394.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive method to stimulate localized brain regions. Despite widespread use in motor cortex, TMS is seldom performed in sensory areas due to variable, qualitative metrics. OBJECTIVE: Assess the reliability and validity of tracing phosphenes, and to investigate the stimulation parameters necessary to elicit decreased visual cortex excitability with paired-pulse TMS at short inter-stimulus intervals. METHODS: Across two sessions, single and paired-pulse recruitment curves were derived by having participants outline elicited phosphenes and calculating resulting average phosphene sizes. RESULTS: Phosphene size scaled with stimulus intensity, similar to motor cortex. Paired-pulse recruitment curves demonstrated inhibition at lower conditioning stimulus intensities than observed in motor cortex. Reliability was high across sessions. CONCLUSIONS: TMS-induced phosphenes are a valid and reliable tool for measuring cortical excitability and inhibition in early visual areas. Our results also provide appropriate stimulation parameters for measuring short-latency intracortical inhibition in visual cortex.
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