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  • Title: [Experts consensus on the management of delirium in critically ill patients].
    Author: Tang B, Wang XT, Chen WJ, Zhu SH, Chao YG, Zhu B, He W, Wang B, Cao FF, Liu YJ, Fan XJ, Yang H, Xu QH, Zhang H, Gong RC, Chai WZ, Zhang HM, Shi GZ, Li LH, Huang QB, Zhang LN, Yin MG, Shang XL, Wang XM, Tian F, Liu LX, Zhu R, Wu J, Wu YQ, Li CL, Zong Y, Hu JT, Liu J, Zhai Q, Deng LJ, Deng YY, Liu DW, Chinese Critical Hypothermia-Sedation Therapy Study Group.
    Journal: Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi; 2019 Feb 01; 58(2):108-118. PubMed ID: 30704197.
    Abstract:
    To establish the experts consensus on the management of delirium in critically ill patients. A special committee was set up by 15 experts from the Chinese Critical Hypothermia-Sedation Therapy Study Group. Each statement was assessed based on the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) principle. Then the Delphi method was adopted by 36 experts to reassess all the statements. (1) Delirium is not only a mental change, but also a clinical syndrome with multiple pathophysiological changes. (2) Delirium is a form of disturbance of consciousness and a manifestation of abnormal brain function. (3) Pain is a common cause of delirium in critically ill patients. Analgesia can reduce the occurrence and development of delirium. (4) Anxiety or depression are important factors for delirium in critically ill patients. (5) The correlation between sedative and analgesic drugs and delirium is uncertain. (6) Pay attention to the relationship between delirium and withdrawal reactions. (7) Pay attention to the relationship between delirium and drug dependence/withdrawal reactions. (8) Sleep disruption can induce delirium. (9) We should be vigilant against potential risk factors for persistent or recurrent delirium. (10) Critically illness related delirium can affect the diagnosis and treatment of primary diseases, and can also be alleviated with the improvement of primary diseases. (11) Acute change of consciousness and attention deficit are necessary for delirium diagnosis. (12) The combined assessment of confusion assessment method for the intensive care unit and intensive care delirium screening checklist can improve the sensitivity of delirium, especially subclinical delirium. (13) Early identification and intervention of subclinical delirium can reduce its risk of clinical delirium. (14) Daily assessment is helpful for early detection of delirium. (15) Hopoactive delirium and mixed delirium are common and should be emphasized. (16) Delirium may be accompanied by changes in electroencephalogram. Bedside electroencephalogram monitoring should be used in the ICU if conditions warrant. (17) Pay attention to differential diagnosis of delirium and dementia/depression. (18) Pay attention to the role of rapid delirium screening method in delirium management. (19) Assessment of the severity of delirium is an essential part of the diagnosis of delirium. (20) The key to the management of delirium is etiological treatment. (21) Improving environmental factors and making patient comfort can help reduce delirium. (22) Early exercise can reduce the incidence of delirium and shorten the duration of delirium. (23) Communication with patients should be emphasized and strengthened. Family members participation can help reduce the incidence of delirium and promote the recovery of delirium. (24) Pay attention to the role of sleep management in the prevention and treatment of delirium. (25) Dexmedetomidine can shorten the duration of hyperactive delirium or prevent delirium. (26) When using antipsychotics to treat delirium, we should be alert to its effect on the heart rhythm. (27) Delirium management should pay attention to brain functional exercise. (28) Compared with non-critically illness related delirium, the relief of critically illness related delirium will not accomplished at one stroke. (29) Multiple management strategies such as ABCDEF, eCASH and ESCAPE are helpful to prevent and treat delirium and improve the prognosis of critically ill patients. (30) Shortening the duration of delirium can reduce the occurrence of long-term cognitive impairment. (31) Multidisciplinary cooperation and continuous quality improvement can improve delirium management. Consensus can promote delirium management in critically ill patients, optimize analgesia and sedation therapy, and even affect prognosis. 谵妄是ICU中常见的一种急性临床综合征，可导致患者病死率增加，机械通气时间和住院时间延长，引起长期的认知功能障碍，增加医疗费用，严重影响患者的预后。为规范重症患者的谵妄管理，由中国冷静治疗研究组根据国内外最新文献资料和多年来的应用推广经验，组织相关重症医学专家在充分讨论和沟通基础上制定了"重症患者谵妄管理专家共识"。旨在改进重症患者的谵妄管理，优化镇痛镇静治疗，改善患者的预后。.
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