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  • Title: Use of intramuscular butorphanol for the treatment of postoperative orthopedic pain in adolescents: a pilot study.
    Author: Steg NL.
    Journal: Clin Ther; 1988; 10(4):406-13. PubMed ID: 3079008.
    Abstract:
    A pilot study was conducted to evaluate the use of butorphanol, administered intramuscularly in 0.7-mg to 3-mg doses, in 27 adolescents with postoperative orthopedic pain. Butorphanol provided good or excellent pain relief in 24 (89%) patients. The duration of the relief was about three to four hours. The only adverse effect experienced in more than one patient was urinary retention, possibly associated with the use of fentanyl, which was administered for balanced anesthesia, and/or with the surgical procedure (spinal fusion). Tolerance and safety were rated as good or excellent in 100% of the patients.
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