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  • Title: Aggregation of marine sponge cells induced by Ca pulses, Ca ionophores, and phorbol esters proceeds in the absence of external Ca.
    Author: Dunham P, Weissmann G.
    Journal: Biochem Biophys Res Commun; 1986 Feb 13; 134(3):1319-26. PubMed ID: 3081000.
    Abstract:
    Cells of the sponge Microciona prolifera dissociated in Ca,Mg-free sea water reaggregate upon addition of Ca, an observation classically attributed to the requirement for Ca of a species-specific aggregation factor. We now report that, unexpectedly, extracellular Ca is not required during aggregation; brief Ca pulses (1-3 sec) terminated by excess EDTA suffice to prepare the cells for aggregation by Ca ionophores (e.g. A23187). We also show that phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) promotes aggregation of pulse-prepared cells. Since PMA and A23187 act synergistically in Microciona, the "twin signal" hypothesis, signalling by Ca and protein kinase C in parallel, is validated in this primitive animal.
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