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  • Title: Structural dynamics of bacteriophage P22 infection initiation revealed by cryo-electron tomography.
    Author: Wang C, Tu J, Liu J, Molineux IJ.
    Journal: Nat Microbiol; 2019 Jun; 4(6):1049-1056. PubMed ID: 30886360.
    Abstract:
    For successful infection, bacteriophages must overcome multiple barriers to transport their genome and proteins across the bacterial cell envelope. We use cryo-electron tomography to study the infection initiation of phage P22 in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, revealing how a channel forms to allow genome translocation into the cytoplasm. Our results show free phages that initially attach obliquely to the cell through interactions between the O antigen and two of the six tailspikes; the tail needle also abuts the cell surface. The virion then orients perpendicularly and the needle penetrates the outer membrane. The needle is released and the internal head protein gp7* is ejected and assembles into an extracellular channel that extends from the gp10 baseplate to the cell surface. A second protein, gp20, is ejected and assembles into a structure that extends the extracellular channel across the outer membrane into the periplasm. Insertion of the third ejected protein, gp16, into the cytoplasmic membrane probably completes the overall trans-envelope channel into the cytoplasm. Construction of a trans-envelope channel is an essential step during infection of Gram-negative bacteria by all short-tailed phages, because such virions cannot directly deliver their genome into the cell cytoplasm.
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