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  • Title: Tolerance to effects of morphine without cross tolerance to effects of clonidine on schedule-controlled behavior of pigeons.
    Author: Katz JL.
    Journal: Psychopharmacology (Berl); 1986; 89(3):323-6. PubMed ID: 3088657.
    Abstract:
    Schedule-controlled responding was maintained under a multiple fixed-interval, fixed-ratio schedule in pigeons. Dose-related decreases in response rates were produced by clonidine (0.001-0.1 mg/kg) and morphine (0.3-5.6 mg/kg). Chronic administration of morphine produced (1) tolerance to effects of morphine, as evidenced by a decrease in potency of morphine and (2) sensitivity to opioid antagonists, as evidenced by an increase in potency of naloxone. Dose-effect curves for clonidine were not appreciably altered by chronic morphine administration.
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