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  • Title: Foeniculum Vulgare and Pelargonium Graveolens Essential Oil Mixture Triggers the Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in MCF-7 Cells.
    Author: El-Garawani I, El Nabi SH, Nafie E, Almeldin S.
    Journal: Anticancer Agents Med Chem; 2019; 19(9):1103-1113. PubMed ID: 30914034.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND: Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) and rose geranium (Pelargonium graveolens) oils are known for their various biological effects including anticancer properties. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the anticancer mechanism of fennel and geranium oils combined treatment on MCF-7 cells. METHODS: The GC-MS method for essential oil characterization as well as the in vitro cytotoxicity, morphological changes, real-time PCR and immunocytochemical investigation for apoptosis-related markers, in addition, to flow cytometric cell cycle distribution analysis were done. RESULTS: The major constituents of both essential oils were anethole (55.33 %) and estragole (11.57 %) for fennel essential oil. However, cintronellol (34.40 %) and geraniol (8.67 %) were identified in geranium oil. The results revealed an IC50 of 220±5.7 and 60±2.1µg/ml for fennel and geranium oils, respectively. The mechanistic anticancer properties were investigated throughout the 70, 50, and 25µg/ml of oils mixture. The marked apoptotic morphology and the flow cytometric cell cycle distribution analysis in addition to the levels of apoptosisrelated makers such as p53, caspase-3, mir-21, mir-92a, Bcl-2, and ki-67 confirmed that fennel and geranium oils combination induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. Moreover, the oils mixture did not exert any significant (P<0.01) toxicity on normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro. CONCLUSION: The findings showed that the mixture of oils exerted selective cytotoxicity towards MCF-7 cells through induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis which may be triggered by the synergistic effect between the active ingredients of fennel and geranium oils.
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