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  • Title: Stable carbon isotope ratios for organic acids in commercial honey samples.
    Author: Kawashima H, Suto M, Suto N.
    Journal: Food Chem; 2019 Aug 15; 289():49-55. PubMed ID: 30955640.
    Abstract:
    Stable carbon isotope ratios (δ13C) for glucose, fructose, disaccharides, trisaccharides, and organic acids in 116 commercial honey samples were measured by LC/IRMS. On the basis of EA/IRMS and LC/IRMS authenticity criteria, 39 of the samples were judged to have been adulterated. The δ13C values for organic acids from pure honey, reported here for the first time, ranged from -33.6 to -26.5‰. The mean Δδ13C (glucose-organic acids) value was +3.7 ± 0.9‰. Glucose and organic acid δ13C values were strongly correlated (R = 0.71, P < 0.001). Gluconic acid, the predominant organic acid in honey, has been reported to be produced via decomposition of glucose by bee glucose-oxidase and certain Gluconobacter spp. This fact was confirmed by isotope analysis.
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