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  • Title: Energy and Nutrient Intakes of Rural Nigerian Schoolchildren: Relationship With Dietary Diversity.
    Author: Ayogu R.
    Journal: Food Nutr Bull; 2019 Jun; 40(2):241-253. PubMed ID: 31064219.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND: Undernutrition among schoolchildren is a prevalent public health problem which may be due to inadequate energy and nutrient intakes associated with low dietary diversity. OBJECTIVE: This study assessed dietary diversity scores (DDS), energy and nutrient intakes of schoolchildren (6-15 years), and risks factors of DDS and determined if energy and nutrient intakes were dependent on dietary diversity. METHODS: The study involved a 2-stage random sampling of 90 schoolchildren. Dietary diversity and nutrient intake data were obtained through a 3-day weighed food intake. Analysis of variance, t test, and χ2 with Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test were used to determine relationships among and between variables; P < .05 was reported as significant. RESULTS: Few (22.2%) had high DDS with no significant difference (P > .05) between age groups and sex. Children from male headed households were more likely to have medium DDS (odds ratio [OR] = 3.231; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.037-10.070) than those from female headed households (P < .05). Low nutrient intakes were observed among 85.6% for niacin, 76.7% for calcium, 72.2% for riboflavin, 54.4% for protein, 32.2% for thiamine, and 15.6% for vitamin C. Among boys, prevalence of inadequate riboflavin intake was significantly (P < .05) higher among 6- to 9-year-olds. Among girls, prevalence of inadequate vitamin A intake was significantly (P < .01) higher among 10 to 15-year-olds. Children with adequate intakes of iron (OR = 0.744, 95% CI = 0.653-0.847) and thiamine (OR = 5.651, 95% CI = 1.214-26.310) were more likely to have high DDS. CONCLUSION: The schoolchildren had low energy and nutrient intakes. Iron and thiamine, intakes were dependent on DDS.
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