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  • Title: An Ionophore for High Lithium Loading and Selective Capture from Brine.
    Author: Gohil H, Chatterjee S, Yadav S, Suresh E, Paital AR.
    Journal: Inorg Chem; 2019 Jun 03; 58(11):7209-7219. PubMed ID: 31091090.
    Abstract:
    The continuous demand and uneven dispersal of natural mineral resources of lithium with a low recycling rate of lithium commodities have forced researchers to look for alternative resources like geothermal brine, brackish brines, and sea brines. But selective lithium-ion extraction and even lithium-ion binding from these aqueous systems is a recognized challenge due to very high hydration energy and the coexistence of other like metal ions but appealing due to economic benefits. Therefore, the designed synthesis of synthetic ionophores with high lithium selectivity is crucial as they can work on dilute conditions without removal of interfering metal ions. However, most of the lithium selective ionophores known in the literature are mononucleated, and no emphasis is given on designing multinucleating ionophore systems to improve the lithium loading capacity which will open up unexplored paths toward the development of a more sustainable and economical extraction process. Herein, we describe a rare fluorogenic macrocyclic ionophore with two binding pockets for selective lithium recognition and extraction among various major alkali and alkaline earth metal ions of oceanic presence through both solid-state and solution studies. Under solid-liquid extraction conditions, this receptor shows a high lithium loading capacity of 135% with LiClO4 and 69.16% with LiCl salt with exclusive selectivity. Under liquid-liquid extraction conditions, this ionophore shows a loading capacity of 27% with 1 M LiCl and 48.57% with 1 M LiClO4 source phase concentration. This new ionophore, therefore, inspiring further to modify and develop a better multinucleating extractant with high lithium loading capacity which is rare in the literature.
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