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  • Title: Constitutive expression of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor gene in human solid tumors.
    Author: Mano H, Nishida J, Usuki K, Maru Y, Kobayashi Y, Hirai H, Okabe T, Urabe A, Takaku F.
    Journal: Jpn J Cancer Res; 1987 Oct; 78(10):1041-3. PubMed ID: 3119535.
    Abstract:
    We detected constitutive expression of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) gene in 3 human solid tumors by Northern blot analysis. Two of them were also found to secrete the GM-CSF protein by colony forming unit-culture assay. Southern blot analysis of each tumor DNA showed no gross rearrangement of the GM-CSF gene. This is the first report that demonstrates expression of the GM-CSF gene in solid tumors at the mRNA level.
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